Tuning system



D. R. DE TAR 2,580,895

TUNING SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 1, 1952 Filed Feb. 24, 1949 y v W fmluwmwlwlfllllh|||wlml+6 L. l dl.m l w m n 4 x U Jan. 1, 1952 D. R. DE TAR,

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D. R. DE TAR TUNING SYSTEM Jan. 1, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. 24l 1949 Patented Jan. 1, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TUNING SYSTEM Donald R. De Tar, Stratford, Conn., .assigner to Aladdin Industries, Incorporated, Chicago, Ill., va. corporation of Illinois Application February 24, 1949, serial No.. 78,212

(c1. 25o-4o) 13 Claims. l

My invention relates to an improved tuning system particularly suitable for use in television receivers.

In television receivers it is necessary t provide tuning means selectively vadjustable to any one of many television station channels. These channels currently cover two separate and distinct frequency ranges; one range (channels 2 to 6) covering from about 54 megacvcles to about 88 megacycles and the other range (channels '1 to 13) covering from about 174 megacycles to 216 megacycles.

Considerations of convenience of tuning render it desirable to provide a tuner in which the .channels are selected by number rather than irequency and that the channels be selected in numerical order as the knob is rotated. Moreover, it is desirable to provide a tuner wherein the adjustment may be made from any channel to any other channel in the most convenient direction, whether backward or forward,

In a tuning system for television or like pur poses it is desirable to provide a device in which the movements of the tuning member are utilized to the fullest extent. The expense, size, and reliability of the mechanical tuning means or channel selector is to a large measure determined by the extent of tuning movement required and the accuracy demanded of the tuning movements.

In accordance with the present invention the available mechanical movement of the channel selector is utilized to a ymaximum degree. Moreover, the system .is adapted for use in covering widely spaced tuning bands or closely spaced bands covering a frequency range too great for efficient coverage by a single tuner.

Apparatus shown herein but not claimed is shown and claimed in the copending application of Donald R. De Tar and Martin Kirk, `entitled Channel Selector, U. jS. Patent No. 2,521,968, granted September 12, 1950, assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.

It is therefore a general object of the present invention to provide an improved tuning .system suitable for television purposes.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a tuning system capable of efficiently covering frequency channels `in two bands spaced apart by a substantial frequency or closely A.spaced bands covering a frequency range too great for eliicient coverage by a single tuner.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved tuning system capable of using one type of tuner over one portion of the l which:

Figure 1 is a view in perspective .of a tuner constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention but with the individual inductors removed;

Figure 2 is a top plan view of .the tuner of Figure 1 and showing the tuning inductors in place;

Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the tuner of Figure 1 and showing the tuning inductors in place;

Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the tuner with the tuning knobs removed 3 vFigure 5 is a cross-sectional view through axis 5--55 Figure ,4;

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view through `axis 6 6, Figure :2;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view through axis 1-1,Figure 6v;

Figure 8 is a. diagrammatic view showing the switch mechanism of the structure .of Figure 1v;

Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view through vaxis Figure 10 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view through axis lll-l0, Figure 3, and with parts deleted to show more clearly the structure of the switch mechanism;

Figure 11 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view along axis I I-l I, Figure 5.

In' this application the term channel selector is used to refer to the mechanism by which one or more tuning members are moved to tune to one or more station channels or frequencies. The term tuner is used broadly to refer to .any device capable of adjusting the tuning or resonant frequency of an associated circuit in accordance with the movement kof a tuning member. In the specific device described herein the tuner is an inductor having its inductance varied by movement of a tuning member lcomprising a magnetic core or a conducting sleeve.

Referring now to l'igures 1 to .3, the channel 'selector comprises a back plate 2U capable oi the inserted position, where they are almost wholly within the hollow inductor portions 24 of the inductor, the inductance is at the maximum value and the resonant frequency corresponds to the lowest channel of the low frequency television band, namely, about 57 megacycles. When these cores are withdrawn from the inductor portions, the inductance is decreased and the resonant frequency rises to a value correspond ing to the highest channel of the low frequency television band, namely, about 85 megacycles.

Each of the sleeve type tuning inductors 28 has a cooperating tuning sleeve 28a adapted to t into the annular space between each inductor and the corresponding magnetic core 28h. This sleeve is made of aluminum or like conducting material and is capable of being. inserted into or withdrawn from the corresponding inductor by movement in the same direction as the movement of cores`24a. As these sleeves are inserted into the inductors, they act as short circuited, low impedance turns having increased degrees cf coupling with the inductor and, increased shielding eiect 4on cores 28h, thereby increasingV the resonant frequency of the circuit of which each inductor forms a part. The inductors 2S and sleeves 28a are designed to tune the circuits with which they are associated to the lowest channel of the high frequency television band (about 177 megacycles) when withdrawn and to the highest channel of the high frequency television band (about 213 megacycles) when completely inserted.

The cores 24a and the sleeves 28a are supported for movements in unison by the shiftable carriage 3G. This support is derived from a plurality of flexible wire supports 32, one connected to each of the sleeves and cores, and each carrying at its opposite end the externally threaded screw 34. The carriage 30 receives the screw 34 corresponding to each support 32. Each of these screws is attached to the corresponding support 32 to form a unitary structure of screw, support, and core or sleeve.

Each screw 34 has a screw driver receiving-slot 34a, Figure 2, for purposes of adjustment. The carriage 3B has an array of openings 33a, Figure 6, in alignment with the inductors 24 and 25 and each adapted to threadedly receive a.

shown in Figure 6. The carriage 30 also defines a hook shaped portion 30h which nearly encircles rail 36 as also shown in that gure. Thus carriage 30 is restrained for shifting movements in the direction of orientation of the rails 3B and 38 and hence the direction of orientation of the inductors 24 and 28.

A centrally'disposed shaft 42 extends from back plate 23 to front plate 40 below and intermediate 4 rails 36 and 38. This shaft is aligned with these rails and receives a cam assembly indicated generally at 44.

The cam assembly 44 is slidably received on shaft 42 but is held for rotations therewith. This is accomplished by the keyway 42a extending along the length of shaft 42 and which receives the mating key portion ofcam 44 as seen best in FguelL.

The cam assembly 44 defines a cam 45 formed by a radially extending wing. This wing curves as it encircles the shaft 42 to dene a continuous ltions and 'connected by intermediate points of smoothly varying axial positions. Preferably this cam assembly is of cast metal such as aluminum or a molded phenolic material.

The carriage 30 is held for shifting movements in response to rotation of cam 44 by 'the Spring biased take-up seen best in the view of Figure 7. This device is aiixed to the bushing 48 which is mounted on carriage 30 and defines a passage to receive the rail 38. Rearwardly of the carriage 3U, the bushing 48 receives a pair of spaced disks I 50 and 52 which have aligned openings to receive the detent 54. The latter member has an annular wall 54d against which coil spring 56 bottoms to urge the detent against the surface 43 of the cam.

The carriage 30 extends to an aligned position relative to detent 54 and a rivet-like button 58 is mounted therein.

Under the bias of spring 56, detent 54 is urged against the cam surface 4Gb to hold button 58 snugly against cam surface 46a. Carriage 30 is thereby constrained to shift inresponse to the axial positioning of the particular portion of cam surface 46 sandwiched between button 58 and detent 54.

As seen best in the cross-sectional view of Figure 5,*the cam 44 is urged backwardly towards the back plate 24 by the spring 50. This spring bottoms against the turret plate 52 which is held tightly on cam 44 to form a part thereof' and at its opposite end bottoms against the star wheel 64. The latter wheel is xedly mounted on sleeve 66 which is held against shifting movements relative to'plate 40 by the annular wall:

65a and the snap ring 10, the latter being received in a cooperating circumferential groove in sleeve 66.

The turret plate B2 receives a plurality of circumferentially spaced adjusting screws l2, one

corresponding to each of the station channelsv desired to be tuned. Each oi' these screws is threadedly received on turret plate 32 and has a slot 12a adapted to receive a screw driver for adjusting purposes.

The screws 12 selectively bottom against the stop member 14 in accord with the rotations of shaft 42 andturret 62. As seen best in Figure 3, this stop member is attached to a sleeve 14a which in turn is received on the rail i3. The latter is axed at its opposite ends tothe front plate 40 and rear plate 20 and limits stop 14l to shifting movements in a direction parallel to shaft 42.

The stop I4 has a V-shaped portion 74h with a central part 14e, Figure 5, which engages the screw 12 in registry therewith, thus fixing the axial position of the cam 44 as it is urged backwardly by spring 60.

The position of the stop 14 in the direction of the axis ofl rail 16 is determined by the threaded stud T8. Figure 5, which is held in fixed position relative to stop 14. The Stud [8 is threadedly received by sleeve 80. 'I his sleeve is held in fixed axial position relative to front plate 48 by the annular wall 80a and the cooperating snap ring 8'2, the latter being received in a suitable circumferential slot formed in sleeve 80. A

The bushing 30 also receives the disk 84 which is iixedly attached thereto and rotates with the rotations of the bushing. This disk` is in frictional engagement with the opposed resilient disks 88 mounted on sleeve 6B and which snugly receive disk 84 near its outer periphery.

The bushing 68 extends outside the front plate 40, Figure l, and there receives the Vernier tun-, ing knob 88 as shown. When this knob is rotated, disks 88 and 84 are likewise rotated. This varies the threaded engagement between bush-I lng 80 and stud 18 to shift stop 14 relative to front plate 40. As a consequence, the entire cam 44 is bodily shifted and the position of carriage 3!! altered accordingly.

As will be describedv in further detail hereafter, the cam surface 46 is shaped to shift` carriage 30 to positions roughly corresponding to the positions requisite for the desired tuning. At each station point or channel, the carriage is accurately adjusted to the desired position by adjusting the position of the corresponding screw 72, thus compensating for deviations in the shape of cam surface 48 from the surface necessary to achieve perfect tuning. Vernier adjustments at any one channel are achieved by rotation of bushing B6 to overcome any inaccuracies in the settings of screws 1,2 and the effects of variations of temperature, humidity, etc. on the tuning.

The cam 44 is providedv with a cam surface 4E defining a continuous surface with diametric.

cally opposed points 46a and 48h,V Figure 5, at opposite extremes of axial position. Consequently, as the shaft 42 is rotated over ar full revolution (360), the carriage 38 is first shifted from one extreme axial position to the other extreme axial position and then shifted back to the initial position. In accordance with the present invention switch elements; are correlated with these shifting movementsY to connect the core tuned inductorsy 24 in circuit during the first movement and the. sleeve tuned inductors 28 in circuit during the second movement.

The switch structure may best be understood by reference to Figure 10 which is a cross-sectional view through Figure 3 and showingv the switch operating elements. As shown, a disk |08 is mounted on shaft 42 adjacent backV plate 20. This disk has a continuous groove |08@ cutin its back face to define a cam groove to receive the roller |02a of rockable arm |82. The latter is held for rocking movements relative` to back plate by pin |0213 shown in cross-section in Figure 10.

The arm |02 has a forked end portion |02c. which receives the pin |04a mounted on crank arm |04. rihe latter is rockably supported from back plate 20 by the pin |0412 and has a forked end portion |040. The latter portion of crank |04 receives pin i06b of the shiftable switch rail |06.

The switch rail |08 is held for shifting movements relative to back plate 20 by forwardly bent portion 20a, Figure 3, of that plate which cooperates with lower mounting member 26 to define a. slot to receive that. rail. The rail` |08v isvguidedV Within the slot so defined by the pins |08 which extend from portion 20a of plate 20 to points adjacent member 28.

The rail |06y is of insulating material, such as a phenol formaldehyde condensation product, and is formed with a plurality of spaced conducting inserts i''a, one corresponding to each pair of inductors. The upper mountingl member 22 is of similar insulatingy material having a plurality of spaced contact buttons 22a, Figure 10, one corresponding to each core tuned inductor 24 and connected thereto as shown in Figure 8.

The lower mounting member 28 has a plurality of forwardly facing contact buttons 26a, Figure 10, adapted toV engage the rail .|08 when it is shifted to the left hand extreme of movement as seen in Figure 10. These are shown in crosssection in Figure 10 since they protrude. from member 28 into the plane of the cross section of that figure. As shown in Figure. 8, each of these contacts is connected to one of the sleeve tuned inductors 28.

The member 26 further has a plurality of spaced contact buttons 26D. These are like buttons 26a but are positioned intermediate buttons 22a and 26a for continuous contact with the conducting members |0511. As is shown diagrammatically in Figure 8, these contact buttons are connected to the several circuits desired to be tuned, such as', for example, the first and second radio frequency amplifiers, the mixer, and the local oscillator of a superheterodyne television receiver.

It will be observed that the groove |00a is at a small radial distance from shaft 42 over substantially half of its circumferential length and at a larger radial distance for substantially the remainder of its length. Consequently, as. the shafty 42 is rotated arm |02 has the position of Figure l0 for half the revolution and is rocked in. the clockwise direction` for the remainder of the revolution. When the arm |02 is in the position of Figure 10 the shiftable rail |06 is in the right hand extreme of movement as seen in Fig,- ure l0 and thereby connects the core tuned inductors 24 in the circuit by reason of the contact established between contact buttons 2Gb and 22a by the conducting members |06a. When the arm |82 is in the other extreme of movement as shown inv the dottedlines of Figure l0, the shiftable rail |02 is shifted'to the left hand` extremeof movement as seen in Figures 8 and 10 and connects the sleeve tunedv inductors 28 in the cir-- cuits by reason of the contact established between contact buttons 28h and 26a by the conducting members |06a.

The rocking movements of arm |02 are correlated withthe shifting movements of carriage 33 to cause the inductors 24 tojoe connected to the circuits when cam d4 shifts carriage 80 in one direction with clockwise rotation of shaft 42 and to connect inductors 28 in the circuits when cam 44 shifts carriage 30 in the opposite direction with clockwise rotation of shaft 42.

t Thus asthe shaft 42 isrotated over a complete revolution` (360) startingj with. one of the diametrically opposedextreme points (46a or 46h) in registry withfollower 51|,v the. following events;

take place.

A. Low. band channel selection 2 to 6) (channels 2. The. carriage 30, progressively withdraws the cores 24a` and sleeves 28a. from the inductors. 3. The inductors 24 are tuned in steps from one channel to another in order of increasing frequency. B. Switch actuation: '4. Shifting of rail |06 disconnects inductors 2a and connects inductors 28.

C. High band channel selection (channels 7. to 13):

5. Over the second half revolution (180 to 360) the sleeve tuned inductors 28 are connected in circuit.'

6. The carriage 30 progressively inserts cores 24a and sleeves 28a into the inductors.

` 7. The inductors '28 are tuned in steps from one channel to another in order of increasing frequency.' r

D. Switch actuation:

8. Shifting of rail |06 disconnects lnductors v 28 and connects inductors 24.

It will be observed that the total shifting move ment of carriagel 30 eective for tuning is twice the actual distance between the extremes of carriage movement. This is accomplished by causing the withdrawing movement to cover one tuning band and the inserting movement to cover another tuning band. l

Moreover, the segregation of the two tuning functions, one corresponding to each-band, permits use of one type tuner in one band and another type tuner in the other band. This has the advantage of permitting optimum design of each tuner as dictated by the tuning range desired to be covered.

The star wheel 65, Figure 9, and the detent arm I iii coact to impart snap action to the rotational movements of the shaft d2 and to register one of the screws l2 with the stop I4 at all times. The arm l I0 has a roller l Illa which rides on the periphery of wheel 64 and is biased against that wheel by the spring i l2.

Star wheel 64 has a plurality of spaced openings 64a, one corresponding to each of the screws l2. `These are in registry with these screws to permit access to the same from front panel 40.

Front panel 4t has an opening 49a, Figure 9, in registry with the stop i4 and hence the particular screw i2 bearing against that stop. However, access to this screw from front panel G is normally obstructed by disk 84.

The disk 84 has an opening 84a adapted to register with the opening 40a to permit access to the screw 72 resting on stop '14. This opening is positioned to register with opening 48a only when disk 8B is in the position half way between the extremes of movement thereof.

When the opening 84a is registered with the opening 4ta, the Vernier adjustment of the tuner is in the intermediate position and capable of equal adjustment in either direction. By adjusting the specific screw 12 in registry with the stop 'M to center the channel being tuned to the desired frequency while the Vernier is in this intermediate position, a maximum degree of flexibility for future adjustment by Vernier action is assured. y

yWhile I have shown and described my invention as applied to a structure wherein half of the channels are in one frequency band and the other half are in another frequency band, it will be observed that by' properly forming cam 46 and the groove IiiaV in disk |08, the unit may be operated overxfrequenc-y. bands .having unequal numbers of channels. Moreover, by appropriate design of cam 46 the station channels may be equally spa-ced insofar as rotation of shaft 42 is concerned even though their frequency spacings are unequal and the required movements of carriage 38 are not equal.

In Figure 8, the Atuners 2d and 28 are each shown as an inductor with a shunting capacitor. The latter represents the inherent distributed capacitance of the inductor and any separate lumped capacitance provided. l

From the above description it will be evident that the coretuners 24 have tuning members movable along apath (in this case 'a straight z line) for tuning and the sleeve tuners 28 have (Sfr for tuning (in this case straight lines coincident with the lines of`V movement of the sleeve tuners). The effect of movements of carriage 30 is to move the tuning members 2da and 28a over their respective paths of movement.

While I have shown and described a specific embodiment of my invention it will of course be understood that I do not wish to be limited thereto and that by the appended claims I intend to cover all modifications and alternative constructions as fall Within the true spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. A tuning system for use with an electric circuit, said system comprising in combination, a first tuner having a member movable in one direction to increased tuning frequency, a second tuner tunable over a different frequency band having a member movable in opposite direction to increased tuning frequency, means to move said members in unison over a complete cycle having a first portion of movement in one direction and a second portion of return movement in the opposite direction, and switch means adapted to connect said circuit to one of said tuners during the rst portion of said movement and to the other of said tuners during the second portion of said movement.

2. A tuning system for use with an electric circuit comprising in combination, a first tuner having a member movable in one direction to increased tuning frequency, a second tuner tunable over a different frequency `band having a member movable in the opposite direction to increased tuning frequency, means operable 'when rotated to move said members in unison from one extreme of movement to the other extreme of movement when rotated in one direction over a first range of rotation and by continuing said rotation in the same direction to a second range to move said members from said other extreme of movement back to said one'extreme of movement, and switch means operable to connect one of said tuners to said circuit when said means is in said first range and to connect the other of said tuners to said circuit when said first means is in said second range.

3. A tuning system for use with an electric circuit comprising in combination, a rst tuner having a member movable in one direction to increased tuning frequency, asecond tuner tunable over a different frequency band having a meznlber movable in the opposite direction to increased tuning frequency, means supporting said members for movements in unison, cam means operable to move said means and said members, said cam means -being operable to move said first `imeans and-said members `from one extreme -ofmovement to the other extreme of movement when rotated in one direction over a' first range of rotation and by continuing said rotation in the same direction to move said first means and said members from said other extreme of movement back to said one extreme of movement, and switch means operable to connect one of said tuners to said circuit when said cam means is in said iirst range and to connect the other of said tuners to said circuit when said cam means is in said second range.

4. A tuning system for use with an electric circuit and adapted to cover a range of frequencies in preselected order with tuning movement, said mechanism comprising in combination, a iirst tuner having a member movable along a path to cover a frequency band, a second tuner tunable over a diierent frequency band having a member movable along a path to cover a frequency band, means supporting said members for movements in unison over their respective paths in a complete cycle comprising a flrst portion from one eXtreme of movement to the opposite extreme of movement and a second portion back to the original position, and switch means adapted to connect said circuit to one of said tuners for the rst portion of said movement and to the other of said tuners for the second portion of said movement.

5. A tuning system for use with an electric circuit and adapted to cover a range of frequencies in preselected order with tuning movement, said mechanism comprising in combination, a rst tuner having a member movable along a path to cover a frequency band, a second tuner having a member movable along a path to cover a different frequency band, means operable to move said members in unison from one extreme of each of their respective paths to the other extreme of movement when moved in one direction over a rst range of movement and upon continuation of said movement in the same direction to a second range to move said members from said other extreme of movement back to said one extreme of movement, and switch means operable to connect one of said tuners to said circuit when said means is in said rst range of movement and to connect the other of said ltuners to said circuit when said means is in said second range of movement.

6. A tuning system for use with an electric circuit and comprising in combination, a rst tuner comprising an inductor and a movable core, a second tuner comprisingan inductor and a movable sleeve, means sustaining said inductors in parallel orientation, a carriage on one side of said inductors supporting said core and said sleeve for movements in unison, a mechanism operable when moved in a predetermined direction first to move said carriage from one extreme of movement to the other extreme of movement and secondly to move said carriage back to the initial position, and switch means operable in response to the position of said last mechanism to connect one of said tuners to said circuit during said rst movement and the other of said tuners to said circuit during said second movement.

7. A tuning system for use with an electric circuit and comprising in combination, a rst tuner having an inductor and a movable tuning core, a second tuner having an inductor and a movable tuning sleeve, means supporting said inductors in parallel orientatlonf a carriage on one side of said inductors supporting said core l0 and saidjsleevefor movements in unison, cam means having a member operable when rotated over substantially 360'rst to move said carriage'from one extreme of movement to the opposite extreme and secondly to move said carriage back to the initial position, and switch means operable in response to the movement of said last member and adapted to connect one of said inductors to said circuit during said first movement and the other of said inductors to said circuit during said second movement.

8, A tuning system for use with a plurality of circuits comprising an array of pairs of inductors oriented along parallel axes, one pair corresponding to each of said circuits and one inductor of each pair having a tuning sleeve and the other inductor of each pair having a tuning core, a carriage, individually adjustable means sustaining each of said sleeves and said cores on said carria-ge, means operable when rotated over substantially 350 first to shift said carriage from one extreme of movement to the other extreme of movement and secondly to shift said carriage back to the initial position, and switch means operable to connect the inductor of each pair having a tuning sleeve to the corresponding circuit when said means is rotated over one of said movements and the inductor of each pair having a tuning core to the corresponding circuit when said means is rotated over the other of said movements.

ii. A tuning system to y cover two frequency bands of frequency range too great for effective coverage by a single tuner, ysaid system comprising a rst tuner capable of effectively covering one or" said bands and having a tuning member movable over a predetermined path to cover said band, a second tuner capable of eiiectively covering the other of said bands and having a tuning member movable over a predetermined path to cover said other band, means operable when moved continuously in one direction to move said members over their respective paths in a rst movement from one extreme position to the other extreme position and in a second movement back to the original positions, and switch means operable to connect one of said tuners to said circuit during said rst movement and the other of said tuners to said circuit during said second movement.

10. Tuning apparatus for a two-band radio receiver comprising a coil provided with and tunable by a slidable permeable core, a coil provided with and tunable by a slidable conducting sleeve, said core-tuned coil and said sleevetuned coil `being mounted with their respective axes in parallel planes, an elongated traclr member mounted parallel to said coil axes, a support member oriented transversely to said track member and mounted thereon for movement therealong, means linking the core and the sleeve to the support member whereby movement of the support member along the track member will move the core and sleeve within their respective coils, a shaft adapted to receive a manually operable member for rotation thereof, and mechanical coupling means linking said shaft to said support member operative on rotation of said shaft through 360 to advance said support member along said track member and to retract the same to its original position.

11. Apparatus according to claim l0 wherein circuit means is provided for connecting said coils to an external circuit, said circuit means comprising a switch, and mechanical linkage Y connecting said switch to said shaft .operative to actuate'the same `to` switch the external circuit from 'one coil to the other when the shaft is rotated through the position of maximum excursion of the support member in one direction.

12. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein mechanical detent means are provided to arrest movement of the shaft at a plurality of predetermined angular positions, and wherein the means connecting the core and sleeve to the support means are provided with ne mechanical adjustments adapted to permit trimming of the coil tuning for a given angular position of the shaft. 13. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the mechanical coupling means comprises a shaped cam keyed to the shaft and having its curved face mounted eccentrically with respect thereto, operative to press on the support member and move it through a reciprocating locus during a complete rotation of the shaft.

DONALD R.. DEI TAR.

12 -ItErEnENcEs CITED vthe l'Tl-1e followingl references are of record in le of this patent:

sTATEs PATENTS l Number Name Date 2,270,117 Fill Jan. 13, 1942 2,276,699 Preisig Mar. 17, 1942 2,320,483 Stocker June 1, 1943 2,503,579 Fisher Apr. 11, 1956 2,533,810 Jacob et a1 Dec. 12, 1950 2,534,786 E. L. Hau Dec. 19 ,19.50 2,538,717 Weber Jan. 16, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date y 331,853 Germany Jan. 15, 1921 

